Reporting guidelines are recommendations to help write up research clearly.
Your research will be used by people from different disciplines and backgrounds for decades to come. Reporting guidelines are community-created recommendations for describing what you did and what you found so that everyone can understand, repeat, apply, and synthesise your work. Although they recommend information to include in your manuscript, they don’t dictate how to order that information.
Most reporting guidelines consist of the full guidance (sometimes called an Explanation and Elaboration document) and a checklist. The full guidance provides detailed explanations and examples for each item, and the checklist allows you to demonstrate adherence to editors.
You can use reporting guidelines throughout your research process. However you use reporting guidelines, please cite them.
Writing manuscripts
Write confidently using a reporting guideline to quickly turn a blank page into a thorough and impactful manuscript.
Checking
Use a reporting checklist to demonstrate to an editor or peer reviewer that you have included everything. Many journals require completed checklists at submission.
Writing applications
Reporting guidelines can help you write funding applications, ethics applications, and protocols, but they won’t make design decisions for you!
Reporting guidelines are neither design nor quality appraisal tools.
Although reporting guidelines recommend information to include when writing up research, they do not mandate how to design research. Similarly, when reviewing literature, although you can use reporting guidelines to assess whether a manuscript is well reported, you cannot use them to appraise whether that study is well designed.
Key information
Reporting guideline acronym
CRISP
Provided for
Reporting primary care research.
Relevant URLs (full-text if available)
PubMed ID
Downloads
Bibliographic reference
Commonly used reporting guidelines
| STROBE | Observational Studies |
| PRISMA | Systematic reviews of trials |
| PRISMA-P | Systematic review protocols |
| CONSORT | Randomised trials |
| SPIRIT | Randomised trial protocols |
| SRQR | Qualitative Research |
| CARE | Case Reports |
| STARD | Diagnostic studies |
| TRIPOD+AI | Prediction Models |
| ARRIVE | Animal Research |
| SQUIRE | Quality Improvement |
| CHEERS | Economic Evaluations |
| Search all |
Phillips WR, Sturgiss E, Glasziou P, Hartman TCO, Orkin AM, Prathivadi P, Reeve J, Russell GM, Weel CV. Improving the Reporting of Primary Care Research: Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary Care-the CRISP Statement. Ann Fam Med. 2023:3029.
Additional information
Language
English
Availability in additional languages
**Statement
**The CRISP Statement with explanations and examples, has also been also published in Chinese at:
Phillips WR, Sturgiss, Glasziou P, et al. Improving the Reporting of Primary Care Research: Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary Care—the CRISP Statement. [等. 改进基本医疗（初级保健）研究报告内容的CRISP共识声明[J]. 中国全科医学.] Chinese General Practice. https://www.chinagp.net/CN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.A0025
Checklist
CRISP Checklist Brazilian Portuguese (Word)
CRISP Checklist Brazilian Portuguese (PDF)
CRISP Checklist Chinese (PDF)
CRISP Checklist French (Word)
CRISP Checklist French (PDF)
CRISP Checklist German (Word)
CRISP Checklist German (PDF)
CRISP Checklist Spanish (Word)
CRISP Checklist Spanish (PDF)
CRISP checklist Turkish (Word)
CRISP checklist Turkish (PDF)
Explanation and Elaboration
CRISP Explanation and examples Chinese (PDF)
Study design
- Clinical trials
- Experimental studies
- Mixed methods studies
- Observational studies
- Qualitative research
Clinical area
- Primary care
Applies to the whole report or to individual sections of the report?
- Whole report
Reporting guideline website URL
Previous versions of this guideline / Guideline history
Other
Additional Information