Simulation-based education (SBE) is increasingly incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), including AI-driven virtual patients and standardized patients, adaptive or branching scenario engines, AI-generated feedback and debriefing tools, automated performance scoring, and AI-based facilitator support across undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing health professions education (HPE). These AI-enabled simulation interventions introduce technical and pedagogical features that materially affect reproducibility, transferability, and safety, but are not adequately captured by existing guidance. GREET and INSPIRE reporting guidelines are built to address the pedagogical design of simulation but were not built to capture AI specific elements. Conversely, CONSORT-AI and SPIRIT-AI were developed for AI interventions delivered to patients within clinical trials, not for AI systems used as educational tools with learners. Moreover, key gaps include inadequate description of prompt engineering, AI model specifics and versioning, validation of AI-generated content and performance characteristics, human-AI interaction and learner experience, declaration of the AI simulated role (patient, tutor, assessor, team member), fidelity and adaptability in AI-driven scenarios, psychological safety in AI interactions, bias and equity considerations, integration with traditional simulation modalities, educational theory grounding, cost/scalability, translational outcomes, transparency regarding human oversight, randomisation and allocation concealment when AI delivers the intervention or control, and blinding considerations when participants interact with AI versus human actors.
There is therefore no unified minimum reporting standard for studies evaluating AI-enabled simulation based educational interventions in HPE, contributing to inconsistent and incomplete reporting that limits replication, critical appraisal, and safe adoption. RAISE-HPE will provide a minimum reporting standard that complements rather than duplicates existing frameworks, with an accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document containing examples and practical guidance.
Registered: 5 August 2026
Last updated:
Contact: Aishwarya A. Pashine, Waqar M. Naqvi Email: [email protected], [email protected]