Reporting guidelines are recommendations to help write up research clearly.
Your research will be used by people from different disciplines and backgrounds for decades to come. Reporting guidelines are community-created recommendations for describing what you did and what you found so that everyone can understand, repeat, apply, and synthesise your work. Although they recommend information to include in your manuscript, they don’t dictate how to order that information.
Most reporting guidelines consist of the full guidance (sometimes called an Explanation and Elaboration document) and a checklist. The full guidance provides detailed explanations and examples for each item, and the checklist allows you to demonstrate adherence to editors.
You can use reporting guidelines throughout your research process. However you use reporting guidelines, please cite them.
Writing manuscripts
Write confidently using a reporting guideline to quickly turn a blank page into a thorough and impactful manuscript.
Checking
Use a reporting checklist to demonstrate to an editor or peer reviewer that you have included everything. Many journals require completed checklists at submission.
Writing applications
Reporting guidelines can help you write funding applications, ethics applications, and protocols, but they won’t make design decisions for you!
Reporting guidelines are neither design nor quality appraisal tools.
Although reporting guidelines recommend information to include when writing up research, they do not mandate how to design research. Similarly, when reviewing literature, although you can use reporting guidelines to assess whether a manuscript is well reported, you cannot use them to appraise whether that study is well designed.
Key information
Reporting guideline acronym
TRIPOD+AI
Provided for
Reporting of studies that develop or evaluate the performance of a prediction model
Relevant URLs (full-text if available)
Read the full-text of TRIPOD+AI.
PubMed ID
Downloads
Download the TRIPOD+AI checklist (PDF).
Download the TRIPOD+AI Expanded Checklist (PDF) (Explanation & Elaboration Light)
Download the TRIPOD+AI for Abstracts checklist.
Bibliographic reference
Commonly used reporting guidelines
| STROBE | Observational Studies |
| PRISMA | Systematic reviews of trials |
| PRISMA-P | Systematic review protocols |
| CONSORT | Randomised trials |
| SPIRIT | Randomised trial protocols |
| SRQR | Qualitative Research |
| CARE | Case Reports |
| STARD | Diagnostic studies |
| TRIPOD+AI | Prediction Models |
| ARRIVE | Animal Research |
| SQUIRE | Quality Improvement |
| CHEERS | Economic Evaluations |
| Search all |
Collins GS, Moons KGM, Dhiman P, Riley RD, Beam AL, Van Calster B, Ghassemi M, Liu X, Reitsma JB, van Smeden M, Boulesteix AL, Camaradou JC, Celi LA, Denaxas S, Denniston AK, Glocker B, Golub RM, Harvey H, Heinze G, Hoffman MM, Kengne AP, Lam E, Lee N, Loder EW, Maier-Hein L, Mateen BA, McCradden MD, Oakden-Rayner L, Ordish J, Parnell R, Rose S, Singh K, Wynants L, Logullo P. TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods. BMJ. 2024;385:e078378.
Additional information
Language
English
Availability in additional languages
TRIPOD+AI
The TRIPOD+AI statement and reporting checklist are also available in the following languagues
TRIPOD+AI Checklist (Chinese) word
TRIPOD+AI Abstracts (Chinese) word
TRIPOD+AI Checklist (Croatian) pdf
TRIPOD+AI Checklist (Japanese) pdf
TRIPOD 2015
The TRIPOD 2015 statement and reporting checklist are also available in the following languages:
TRIPOD 2015 Checklist (Chinese) Word
TRIPOD 2015 E&E (Japanese) Word
TRIPOD 2015 Checklist (Japanese) Word| PDF
TRIPOD 2015 E&E (Russian) PDF
Study design
- Artificial intelligence/Machine learning studies
- Diagnostic and prognostic studies
- Observational studies
Clinical area
- No clinical specialty specified
Applies to the whole report or to individual sections of the report?
- Whole report
Reporting guideline website URL
Previous versions of this guideline / Guideline history
TRIPOD 2015
Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KG. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD statement.
Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(1):55-63. PMID: 25560714
Br J Cancer. 2015 Jan 6. PMID: 25562432
Circulation. 2015 Jan 13;131(2):211-9. PMID: 25561516
BMJ 2015; 350:g7594. PMID: 25569120
J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Feb;68(2):134-43. PMID: 25579640
Eur Urol. 2014 Dec 9. PMID: 25572824
BMC Med. 2015 Jan 6;13(1):1. PMID: 25563062
Eur J Clin Invest. 2015;45(2):204-214. PMID: 25623047
Br J Surg. 2015;102(3):148-158. PMID: 25627261
BJOG. 2015;122(3):434-443. PMID: 25623578
Diabet Med. 2015;32(2):146-154. PMID: 25600898
TRIPOD for Abstracts
Heus P, Reitsma JB, Collins GS, Damen JAAG, Scholten RJPM, Altman DG, Moons KGM, Hooft L. Transparent Reporting of Multivariable Prediction Models in Journal and Conference Abstracts: TRIPOD for Abstracts. Ann Intern Med. 2020. PMID: 32479165
Other
Read the protocol for the development of TRIPOD+AI.
Additional Information
An adherence assessment form for measuring adherence to the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement has been developed.
Heus P, Damen JAAG, Pajouheshnia R, Scholten RJPM, Reitsma JB, Collins GS, Altman DG, Moons KGM, Hooft L.Uniformity in measuring adherence to reporting guidelines: the example of TRIPOD for assessing completeness of reporting of prediction model studies. BMJ Open. 2019;9(4):e025611. PMID: 31023756
The adherence assessment forms are available from: https://www.tripod-statement.org/adherence/